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Acids

Formic Acid

Introduction

The industrial production of formic acid via the synthesis of methyl formate from carbon monoxide (CO) and methanol (CH₃OH), followed by hydrolysis, is a process that has gained attention for its efficiency and sustainability. Here's an overview of the technology involved:
● Carbon monoxide and methanol are reacted under high pressure in the presence of a suitable catalyst to produce methyl formate.
● The methyl formate is then hydrolyzed with water to yield formic acid and regenerate methanol, which can be recycled back into the process.
Technical Features
High Efficiency: The direct carbonylation of methanol to methyl formate is a well-established and relatively high-yield process.
Renewable Feedstock: Methanol can be produced from renewable sources like biomass or via CO₂ utilization.
Recycling of Methanol: The hydrolysis step regenerates methanol, which can be recirculated, reducing material waste and improving overall process sustainability.
Formic Acid Specification
Item Index
94% 90% 85%
Superior grade First grade Conformed grade Superior grade First grade Conformed grade Superior grade First grade Conformed Grade
Formic acid, wt% ≥94.0 ≥90.0 ≥85.0
Color/Hazen Unit (Pt-Co Color) ≤10 ≤20 ≤10 ≤20 ≤10 ≤20 ≤30
Dilution Test (Sample + Water = 1+3) Not turbid Passes test Not turbid Passes test Not turbid Passes test
Chloride (as per Cl), wt% ≤0.0005 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.0005 ≤0.002 ≤0.002 ≤0.004 ≤0.006
Sulphate (as per SO4), wt% ≤0.0005 ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.0005 ≤0.001 ≤0.005 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.020
Iron (as per Fe), wt% ≤0.0001 ≤0.0004 ≤0.0006 ≤0.0001 ≤0.0004 ≤0.0006 ≤0.0001 ≤0.0004 ≤0.0006
Evaporation Residue, wt% ≤0.006 ≤0.015 ≤0.020 ≤0.006 ≤0.015 ≤0.020 ≤0.006 ≤0.020 ≤0.060

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